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Couching (ophthalmology)
Couching is the earliest documented form of cataract surgery. As a cataract is a clouding in the lens of the eye, couching is a technique of dislodging the lens, thus removing the opacity. Although couching is nowadays routinely practiced merely in remote areas in third world countries, it was a precursor to modern cataract surgery and pars plana vitrectomy.
==History==
Cataract surgery by “couching” (lens depression) was, without a doubt, one of the oldest surgical procedures. This technique involved using a sharp instrument to push the cloudy lens to the bottom of the eye. Perhaps this procedure is that which is mentioned in the articles of the Code of Hammurabi (ca. 1792-1750 BC). However, Maharshi Sushruta, an ancient Indian surgeon, first described the procedure in “Sushruta Samhita, Uttar Tantra”, an Indian medical treatise (800 B.C.) (Duke-Elder, 1969; Chan, 2010). Since then the procedure was widespread throughout the world. Evidence shows that couching was widely practiced also in China, Europe, Africa. After the 19th century CE, with the development of modern cataract surgery (Intra ocular extraction of lens (1748), couching fell out of fashion, though it is still used in parts of Asia and Africa.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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